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Muscle tone , maintained through physical activity, can be a powerful mediator of insulin sensitivity and overall metabolic health, with short-term benefits stemming from each individual training session and long-term adaptations that improve overall bodycomposition. Both muscle strength and creatine may naturally decline with age.
It is also regarded as an endocrine and paracrine organ , where muscle-derived signaling proteins, called myokines , facilitate communication between the muscles and other organs, such as the liver, pancreas, skeletalsystem, adipose tissues, and the cardiovascular system.
Both aerobic exercise and strength training have been shown to support mental health. It may also modulate circulating levels of stress hormones and signaling factors related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the autonomic nervous system, as commonly measured by the biomarkers cortisol and salivary -amylase.
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